bollywood jewelry wholesale What currency is the earliest currency in ancient China? Solve

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The ancient coin currency of China is the product of commodity exchange. The earliest currency that appeared at the end of the primitive society was physical currency. Generally speaking, the nomadic people use livestock and animal skin to achieve monetary functions, while agricultural nations serve as the earliest physical currencies such as grain, cloth, agricultural tools, pottery, sea shells, and jade. According to archeological excavations, a large number of pottery tanks unearthed from Banpo in the late Neolithic era are used as funerals; Dawenkou Culture funeral a large number of pig heads and lower jawbones showed the functions of pigs and pottery in the primitive society in the later period. However, as we all know, the extensive ancient real currency is "shell". Because of acting as a physical currency, beasts such as cattle, sheep, pigs, etc. cannot be divided, the grains will rot, and there are too few beads and jade. Haibei can be used as a neck, which has the value of use, which is convenient for carrying and counting. Therefore, it is selected as the main currency in long -term commodity exchange. In the archeological excavation, the Xia Dynasty and the Shang Dynasty site unearthed a large number of natural shells. Bei, as the physical currency, has been used in the Spring and Autumn Period. Therefore, most Chinese characters are related to wealth and value -related words are related to the word "shell". Such as: expensive, capital, greed, poverty, financial, purchasing, etc.
The country in the world is the earliest country to use coins. A lot of "Facurd Copper shells" unearthed from the late Yin Shang tombs three thousand years ago were the most primitive metal currencies. In the late Western Zhou Dynasty, some metal weighing currencies such as scattered copper and copper ingots with no certain shapes were also circulated in addition to the shell coins, which were also unearthed in archeological excavations.
In all, the main currency form of the primitive society in the later period to summer, business, and Zhou Dynasty was physical currency, and natural shellfish circulating was wide. In the later period, a small amount of metal weighing currency and coins appeared, which is a period of germination and formation.
The currency is a fixed product (or special product) that serves as general equivalent. Before the currency is generated, in order to obtain a certain commodity, people are mainly through the development of material exchange. With the development of product exchange, the process of exchange exchange is too rigid. The solid and durable bronze wares, or colorful pottery, or everything else is willing to accept, so that this kind of product becomes the currency of the original physical form. So what are the currencies or materials in ancient times?
Exidine currency: Shells and shell currencies can be said to be the earliest real currency in my country and the longest duration. Until the late Ming Dynasty and the early Qing Dynasty, the Yunnan minority regions were still using this currency. The condition of the shell has become the following conditions: the first is that it has a practical function (such as its purpose); the second has a natural unit; the third is solid durability; and the fourth is easy to carry. In particular, its natural unit, in ancient times when the melting metal technology was underdeveloped, had his unique natural advantages. The ancient people used shell coins and used ropes to wear them into a string, so a series of also became a unit. The earliest currency unit of Be currency is "friends", that is, ten strings, two strings as one friend. In the ancient oracle essays of my country, the word Beng was often connected, and the meaning of Bei characters was similar to the current "wealth". So far, many words related to the significance of currency, such as wealth, expensive, poverty, cheap, etc., are based on shellfish.
Metal currency: (1) Bronze tools: Since the Spring and Autumn Period of the Western Zhou Dynasty, due to the continuous improvement of bronze production technology, a large number of production tools made by bronze have appeared. In the process of trade, some production tools such as knives, shovels, and gauze have become general equivalent. Bronze tools replaced shells into currencies. Two reasons: First, because the actual number of shells used as currencies is not large, it can no longer cope with the increasing market needs. The second is because the practical value of production tools is greater than shells that can only be used as decorations.
(2) Bronze currency: From the Spring and Autumn Period to the Warring States Period, the tools made by bronze gradually evolved into bronze currencies, because the general equivalent of the market circulation was too bulky, and the exchange was too inconvenient. People began to accept bronze currencies like tools. There are three main systems of currencies during the Warring States Period: cloth coins, knives, and ring money.
The cloth coin was not a currency made of cloth. At that time, there was no cloth, but an imitation agricultural tools evolved into a metal coin. The earliest cloth coins completely retained the shape of the shovel. The circulation areas of cloth coins are very wide. In the Spring and Autumn Period, the Jin Dynasty, Zhao, Han, Wei and other countries during the Warring States Period all used clothing.
The knife coin was seen at first glance that the practical knife evolved, and it was a fishing and hunting tool at that time. The scope of the circulation of knife coins does not have the wide range of cloth coins, which is preferred to Qi, Yan and other countries in the east. This is because people in the western regions are mostly agricultural, so agricultural tools are used as currencies. The eastern region is offshore, and there are many rivers. The people are engaged in fishing and hunting life, so they use knives as currencies.
The ring money is round and there is a round hole in the middle. There were stone beads in the Paleolithic period. In the Neolithic era, there were stone rings and stone beads. On the ancient cultural site of Yangshao in my country, many soil and stone -made spinning wheels have been discovered, which are all circular intermediate perforations, similar to the early ring money. Therefore, the ring money is likely to be evolved from the spinning wheel. The ancient 是 was the jade ring. The size of the ring money is different, and there are many texts above. Its circulation is much smaller than that of cloth coins and knife coins. According to experts from experts, the ring money is the early Qin country currency.
This coins, cloth coins, and ring money are all tangible metal currencies. The letter -shaped currency originally reduced its weight and deposited its form. Later, it changed the form and only the name was. A tendency system that transitions to metal coins to metal coins. In our country, their appearance has the historical role of inheritance and the past.
(3) Qin half of the money: After Qin Shihuang unified the whole country, Qin's currency system was promoted to the whole country, with gold as a currency, the unit was a cricket, that is, twenty -two, and the copper coins as the lower currency, that is, "half of the half, that is," half of the half, that is, half of the coin, that is, "half of the half, that is, half of the coin, that is," semi -half Two "money. The reason why gold is a currency is limited to large -scale payment, such as the emperor's reward. The daily folk transactions use "half two" money and the appearance of "half two" money in the Qin Dynasty, marking that Chinese metal currencies have entered a new period, that is, the remembered currency with a unified weight name and the currency name.
(4) Five baht money in the Han Dynasty: After the establishment of the Han Dynasty, the five baht began in five years (118 BC). It was not until Sui Dan Tang Xing, and five baht worshiped. Five baht is the longest and most successful coin in Chinese history. As far as its weight is concerned, five baht money is a standard currency. Even after Tang Wude announced the suspension of five baht in four years, the weight of the new money is still based on five baht.
(5) Kaiyuan Tongbao in the Tang Dynasty: "Old Tang Book · Food and Food Records" records: "(Tang) Gao Zu ascended the throne and still uses the five baht of Sui. Bahba money, open Yuan Tongbao money, eight points, two baht and four cents, one or two, one thousand texts, six pounds and four. " This was born. "Kaiyuan" Tongbao often lets us look at the righteousness, thinking that Tang Taizong was cast during the opening of the Yuan Dynasty. In fact, "Kaiyuan" means "the innovation era" means; "Tongbao" means "through domestic treasure goods". The advent of Kaiyuan Tongbao Qian has ended the tradition of lagging for more than 700 years since the Western Han Dynasty. "Or Tongbao, or ingot, or Chongbao, or other treasures. From the four years of Wuide's casting in Yuan Tongbao money, until 1916 "Hong Xian Tongbao" stopped, Tongbao and Yuanbao's money system have been used for nearly 1,300 years. Its vitality is rare in the history of world currency.
(6) The Ming Dynasty silver became a legal currency. With the recovery and rise of the commodity economy, coupled with the huge trade surplus since the middle and late Ming Dynasty, overseas silver has flowed in large quantities, and the use of silver has become increasingly widely used. The currency circulation system for banks. Silver coin has two silver and silver dollars. my country's long -term use of silver two, which is known as quantitative currency, has various shapes such as silver cakes, silver ingots, silver ingot and fragmented silver. Most of the silver flows flowing overseas are silver dollars, with stable value, and are welcomed and widely used by businessmen in the coastal provinces. After the Opium War, all provinces cast dragon yield -silver dollars with dragon patterns. The price of silver is moderate and stable, and its wide use facilitates the trade trade and promotes the accumulation of commercial capital.
Cultural: In the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty, the commodity economy had developed greatly, and trade increased. At that time, the currency popular on the market was copper coins, silver and iron money. In some areas, iron money was prevalent. Because the iron money was very bulky (the large 1,000 money weighed 25 pounds, there were 13 pounds in the middle). Inappropriate, it seriously affects the circulation of currency and the development of the commodity economy. In the early years of Song Zhenzong, sixteen wealthy merchants in Chengdu, Sichuan jointly issued a convenient banknote than metal coins- "Jiaozi". "Jiaozi" is a Sichuan dialect, and "Zi" is the usual tail sound of Sichuan language. It is a picture of the house, trees and characters on a small piece of paper, and made a secret code to prevent others from imitation: the appearance of Jiaizi replaced the iron money. This is the beginning of my country's banknotes and the earliest banknotes in the world. It is a major progress in the history of my country's currency development. Jiaizi can be used in the market or "Jiaozipu" to exchange cash, and the new and old Jiaozi will be exchanged once in three years. In the first year of Song Renzong (AD 1023), Jiaizi was uniformly issued by the government. The amount of each issuance was limited. In the four years of Song Huizong Chongning (1105 AD), it was renamed "Money Leading" to replace the depreciation "Jiaizi". During the Southern Song Dynasty, Jiaozi was renamed "Guanzi" and "Meeting". In the Yuan Dynasty, the implementation of banknotes as the main currency was a period of unprecedented prosperity of banknotes in Chinese history. It was also the earliest regime to promote pure banknote circulation in the world. In the first year of the Yuan Dynasty (AD 1260), for the first time, the banknotes that did not be exchanged for the first time appeared, and used it for a long time in the Yuan Dynasty. In 1294, this "China Tongbao Bank" was transmitted to Persia and Persian to other countries. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, banknotes were still issued, but they were used at the same time as metal currency. In modern times, banknotes have been widely circulated and gradually replaced metal coins.
It can summarize the evolution of ancient currency in my country above:
. The evolution of natural currency to artificial currency: Best is the earliest currency in my country. With the rapid development of commodity exchange, the demand for currency has become increasingly large, and Haibei can no longer meet people's needs, and people have begun to imitate Haibei with copper. With the large number of artificial coins, the natural currency of Haibei slowly withdrew from the Chinese currency stage.
. The evolution from the cluttered shape to the standard shape: From the Copper of the Shang Dynasty to the Warring States Period, the currency of my country has shovel, knife coins, ring money, Chu currency (gold, ant nose money). After Qin unified China, Qin Shihuang promulgated China's earliest monetary law "with the currency of the world with the world" in China in 200 BC, stipulating that the Qin Kingdom's circular square hole was used nationwide. Qin Banqin, a round square hole, has the passage of two dollars in the country, ending the chaotic state of different ancient currency shapes and disparity of ancient currency in my country. It is a major evolution of the history of ancient currencies in ancient Chinese currencies from a messy shape to a standardized shape. The shape of this round square hole determined by Qin Ban's two dollars has been continuing to the early days of the Republic of China.
. The evolution of the coin from local coins to the central government: According to the "Hanshu · Food and Food Chronicle", after Liu Bangjian, Yunmin privately cast coins. The gentry and wealthy businessmen and local forces took the opportunity to make great money. During the Emperor Wen, "Doctor Deng Tong also spent money to make money." In the four years of Yuan Ding (15 years ago), Emperor Hanwu recovered the right of the county's coinage and cast five baht uniformly by the central government. From then on, the central government's unified management of coins casting and issuing coins was determined. This is a major evolution of the ancient Chinese currency history from local coins to central coins. Since then, the coins of all ages have been directly controlled by the central government. The collection of coinning rights to the central government has played an important role in stabilizing political and economic development in various dynasties.
. The evolution of the weight of the document to Tongbao and ingot: The coins casting since the Qin and Han dynasties usually clearly indicate the weight of the money in the money, such as "half two", "five baht", "four baht" and so on. Wait (twenty -four baht is one or two). In the four years of Tang Gaozu Wuder (June 21), Li Yuan was determined to reform the currency system. The ancient money with different abolition of the past and different times took the meaning of "opening up the new era" and uniformly cast the "Kaiyuan Tongbao" money. Kaiyuan Tongbao was against the old system of Qin and Han dynasties. Kaiyuan Tongbao Money is the earliest Tongbao money in my country. Since then, the copper coins in my country have no longer weighing money, and they are all known as Tongbao and ingot. It has been used to the "Republic of China Tongbao" after the 1911 Revolution.
5. The evolution of metal currency to banknotes: The emergence of intersection in the Northern Song Dynasty was an important evolution from the history of ancient currencies from metal currencies to banknotes in the history of ancient currencies in my country. Jiaozi is not only the earliest banknotes in my country, but also the earliest banknotes in the world.
6. Evolution from hand -made coins to mechanism banknotes: In the late Qing Dynasty, with the gradual introduction of advanced foreign science and technology, it has begun to purchase coin machines abroad during the Guangxu period to manufacture silver and copper yuan. Later, Guangdong began to use machines to make poreless as ten copper dollars. Because the manufacturer is profitable, all provinces have followed the provinces. The emergence of mechanism currency at the end of the Qing Dynasty evolved in the history of ancient currencies from the ancient currency of my country to the mechanism currency. Since then, not only has the process of casting currency changed significantly, but also has made the circular square Kong Qianshou that has been circulating for more than 2,000 years.