fake diamond jewelry wholesale What is the earliest currency in China? Intersection

simple gold jewelry wholesale First, the origin of the ancient coins and origin

The currency is the product of commodity exchange. The earliest currency that appeared at the end of the primitive society was physical currency. Generally speaking, the nomadic people use livestock and animal skin to achieve monetary functions, while agricultural nations serve as the earliest physical currencies such as grain, cloth, agricultural tools, pottery, sea shells, and jade. According to archeological excavations, a large number of pottery tanks unearthed from Banpo in the late Neolithic era are used as funerals; Dawenkou Culture funeral a large number of pig heads and lower jawbones showed the functions of pigs and pottery in the primitive society in the later period. However, as we all know, the extensive ancient real currency is "shell". Because of acting as a physical currency, beasts such as cattle, sheep, pigs, etc. cannot be divided, the grains will rot, and there are too few beads and jade. Haibei can be used as a neck, which has the value of use, which is convenient for carrying and counting. Therefore, it is selected as the main currency in long -term commodity exchange. In the archeological excavation, the Xia Dynasty and the Shang Dynasty site unearthed a large number of natural shells. Bei, as the physical currency, has been used in the Spring and Autumn Period. Therefore, most Chinese characters are related to wealth and value -related words are related to the word "shell". Such as: expensive, capital, greed, poverty, financial, purchasing, etc.

The country in the world is the earliest country in the world. A lot of "Facurd Copper shells" unearthed from the late Yin Shang tombs three thousand years ago were the most primitive metal currencies. In the late Western Zhou Dynasty, there were some metal weighing currencies such as scattered copper, copper slag, and copper ingots that were not in except for the shell coins. This was also unearthed in archeological excavations.

The main currency form of the primitive society to summer, business, and Zhou Dynasty was physical currency in the later period of the primitive society. In the later period, a small amount of metal weighing currency and coins appeared, which is a period of germination and formation. rnrn二、先秦货币初探rnrn春秋战国时期，随着商品经济发展，使在流通中要分割和鉴定成色的金属称量货币逐步不适应，而Coupled by the metal coin.

It's entering the metal coinage phase from the Spring and Autumn Period to the Warring States Period has been established.

1, the Central Plains is Zhao, Han, Wei, and the Zhou royal family. Betting from the bronze shovel agricultural tools "" and "Bu" are leveraged. During the Spring and Autumn Period, the cloth coins were mainly empty in the empty head. During the Warring States Period, the cloth coins were mainly flat -headed, that is, compared to the "empty head cloth", there was no hollow cricket, but it looked like a shovel -shaped copper sheet. Founded feet, pointed feet, round feet and other categories, the most generally evolved from flat shoulder flat or flat shoulder feet to shrugging the tip and foot cloth, round shoulders and round feet.

2, Qi State of the East, and Yan State in the north mainly use knife coins. The knife currency is divided into two types: "Yan Ming Dao" and "Qi Daohua". The shape of the knife coin is used like a knife tool for fishing and hunting in northern nomads such as Shanrong and Beidi. Because Qi Dao Noodle has "transformation", it is called "sword". The back of the knife -shaped knife is divided into arc, back, back, straight back, and the knife is flat, and the head is also a bronze coin in my country.

3, the Qin Kingdom in the northwest is independent of the ring currency. The ring currency is divided into two types: rounded circular holes and square holes. During the Warring States Period, the circular and round holes were cast earlier. Later, King Qin Huiwen, and Qin Shihuang cast a circular square hole "half two" money. Round ring money is the original state of Fang Kong money.

4, the southern Chu country coin copper shells called ant nose money, evolved from shell coins. Tongbei Qianwen "" looks like a ghost face, is a combination of the word "Beihua". The ant nose is small, meaning a small money. Chu State's Copper Bronze Rinnaba is commonly known as "ghost face money" and "ant nose money". In addition to the ant nose money, the country also has gold weighing currency, which is the only country in the Warring States Period with gold as the currency.

In short, the four major monetary systems that appeared during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period were evolved from labor production tools such as knives, shovels, and spinning wheels. The characteristics and social style of economic and living areas such as exchanges. At the same time, the four major currency areas are also the products of the waiting. Developed with economic and commodity transactions. Currency circulation in various countries requires a unified and standardized trend of the currency system.

. The category of the Culture of the dynasty

The money refers to a type of coins issued by the state or local regime. Different versions of Ocho are assigned "money". The outline is open, forming the unification of coins. You can understand the history of the currency by using the cursor as a clue; the clues can be involved in the appreciation and archeology of the ancient coins. The following is mainly interpreted by the ancient political and historical changes from the revolution of the Cordon of the Cordon.

Thekian system can be divided into two major stages from Qin and Han dynasties. The first stage: Qin, Han and Sui and Tang dynasties are mainly copper coins. They are based on the "half -two money" and "five baht money" of Qin and Han. In the second stage, the year of the coin was removed from the Tang and Song dynasties. The treasure system was different from the two systems of the previous baht.

(1) Qin and Han "Half two money"

Qin Qin unified the six kingdoms, and the political unity required the economic unification to make the basis. At the same time, the currency is also unified. It is stipulated that "gold" is the upper currency, the 镒 (20 two) as the unit, the copper coins of round square holes, and the unit of half. Qian Wen's "half two" is consistent with the real weight. This kind of square Kong Yuanqian has since become the main form of Chinese currency for more than 2,000 years. Why take this shape? It is mainly a ring -shaped for easy carrying, while the square holes are not easy to rotate by rope copper coins, which can prevent wear. Some people think that this shape expresses the universe view of the ancients. The Qin Dynasty Fang Kong Yuanqian was the earliest legal currency in the world.

The "half two money" of the Warring States Period and the Qin Dynasty can start with calligraphy. The Warring States Currency Money Essays "Half Two" is the big seal: and the Qin Dynasty currency text "half two" is Xiaoyan. According to legend, Qincoin was written by Prime Minister Li Si. Affected by this, the Qian Wen after the Qin Dynasty mostly came from the hands of the officials or calligraphy artists. The emperor's royal book money also appeared in the Song Dynasty. One of the differences between Chinese ancient coins and Western currencies is that the ancient money layout of China is mainly based on money, and there are few patterns in circulating currencies, while Western currencies are mainly based on animals and plants, elephant and other patterns. The art of calligraphy on ancient money is another topic.

The is said to be Qin Shihuang to prevent the people of fighting against the world's weapons. This will definitely affect the casting of copper coins. Because the price of copper is extremely high and the amount of currency circulation is insufficient, the value of Qin half of the two dollars is high. The problem of "Qin Qian heavy (high) difficult to use" occurred in the early Han Dynasty. The Han Chengqin system was used for half two dollars, but Liu Bang was very poor when he became the emperor. He changed many small money. Due to the significant weight loss of Qin, the "half two" name does not match. Especially a small and a half, shaped like elm tree fruit, known as "elm pod two" less than 1 grams, less than 1 cm in diameter. Casting and county coins cause currency disorders and inflation, until Emperor Hanwu changed the currency system.

(2) Han "five baht money" and the revolution

1, Emperor Hanwu, Emperor Hanwu, Emperor Hanwu The first "five baht money".

Is after Emperor Hanwu's ascendant, "Foreign Foreign Affairs, Inner Xingli" urgently need to open up wealth. At the same time . So Emperor Hanwu ordered the abolition of the national currency control of the county in the early Han Dynasty in the early 118 BC, and the central government was uniformly cast. The system of managing), the central minting agency is responsible for casting five baht, also known as Shanglin money and three official money. The quality of five baht money is high, which has changed the phenomenon of currency chaos, which is conducive to the centralization and economic development. In the Western Han Dynasty, Xin Mang, Eastern Han Dynasty, Wei, Jin, Northern and Southern Dynasties to the Sui and Tang dynasties for more than 700 years. Five baht has long been the legal currency in the dynasty. Because the five iron money is appropriate, China has the "five baht" as the main form of Fangkong round money. Affects Japan, Annan, North Korea and other countries. And Thailand's current currency units are still called "baht". R N In the late Western Han Dynasty, Wang Mang built the new dynasty, restructured Gugu, and abandoned currencies. . Wang Mang believes that wei scholarship is that after he seizes the world of Liu, in order to taboo the word "Liu", Liu Zi is composed of three characters three characters of the "gold", so Qian Wen does not use the word "gold" to use "spring". One piece. The weight of "Daquan Fifty" is only two and a half of the weight of the Western Han Dynasty, but it is used as fifty -five baht. It means that every time a large money is issued, it is necessary to take forty -seven seventh and a half baht from the people. Money wealth, this will inevitably cause people's dissatisfaction, so the people still use five baht money transactions. To this end, Wang Mang stipulates that all those who dare to hide five baht will be used as prisoners. The human heart is undoubted. In addition, there is a big money name "Dao Ping Five Thousands", that is, a big money is 5,000 baht. Such a large amount of coins must be faked to fake them. In addition to the governance, another new coin shape is created, that is, the combination of ancient knife coins and round money to create the world's first two -color metal coins. To prevent fake private casting, "Daquan Fifty" and "Knife Ping Five Five" The official coins of the thousands of "workmanship", this distorted style also sighs for thousands of years.

Bah money, more small money, caused inflation, and the currency system was chaotic again.

3, "Six Dynasties and Five Bah" inferior money

During the crack, the war was frequent, the political situation was turbulent, and the socio -economic damage was destroyed. In order to save copper, five baht money is getting smaller and smaller, it is known as "goose eye" and "chicken eyes". It is also cut cutting circles. When you use it. The coin industry collectively referred to the five baht in this period as the "six dynasties and five baht". The Six Dynasties were Wu, Eastern Jin, Southern Song, Qi, Liang, and Chen six dynasties of the Six Dynasties. During this period, the five baht was divided into poor casting, and the money of money was incomplete. There are those who write the "five baht" as "hardware", and some are also written as an anti -text "baht five". However, there are some exceptions during the period of five baht, such as the "Taihe Five Bah" of the Northern Wei Dynasty and "Yong'an Five Bah". The history is called "heavy text", and the quality is superior.

4, the "five baht money" and rumors of the Sui Dynasty.

The Emperor Sui Wen in the Sui Dynasty cast the "Five Emperors of the Emperor" ended the complicated situation of more than 300 years since the end of the Han Dynasty. This is also the last dynasty that uses five baht. Emperor Sui Yang's tyranny, some people argued that the "five" of the "five" of the Sui "five baht", which is the "X" on the left of the "X" on the left, and "| X". So some people said that it was Sui's fierce sign, indicating that it was not far away. Therefore, the "five baht money" of the Sui Dynasty was better recognized. In fact, the Northern Wei Dynasty has been written in the Northern Wei Dynasty.

(3) The turning round money from the Tang Dynasty has changed from the two systems of the baht to the annual number of the "text".

1. Tang Gaozu first pioneered "Baowen" and "Money"

The Tang Dynasty was a strong dynasty with developed economic and cultural development. According to the Tang Gao Zuwu Demon, the "Kaiyuan Tongbao" money was cast in 621 years, and the coin system named two named baht since Qin and Han dynasties has created the annual number of the "text" after the Tang and Song dynasties. coin. "Kaiyuan" is founded, the first point, "Tongbao" is the treasure that circulates. It has a major breakthrough in the heavy unit. The ancient Hengfa law was twenty -four baht. "Kaiyuan Tongbao" created a decoction system. Each weighing two baht is four for one text. Kaiyuan Tongbao has been cast in the Tang Dynasty for more than 200 years and has stabilized the currency system for a long time. Tang's Baowen Money System, which was counting "Wen" and the two -weight unit of money, followed the Qing Dynasty for thousands of years. It is also said that the "Kaiyuan Tongbao" of Tang Gaozu casts from the Early Tang Dynasty calligraphy, the enlightenment of Ouyang Jian, and was known as the calligraphy.

An Anshi's chaos, Tang Suzong called "Qianyuan Chongbao" in order to deal with financial difficulties and cast a lot of money. This is the earliest money called "Chongbao". One article Chongbao opened the yuan of yuan in money, which caused a depreciation of the currency, the prices soared, the stolen casting was serious, and the people's hearts were uneasy. In the evening of the Tang Dynasty, the Buddha was abolished, and a large number of "Huichang Kaiyuan" money was used to take the Buddha copper, so that the tightening phenomenon of currency tightening for half a century was eased. "Qianyuan", "Huichang" is the chronological year.

The five -generation ten kingdoms is a period of division of warlord cutting combat. Due to the establishment of the regime, there are many currencies, which is a period of currency chaos. In addition to copper, there are tin and iron. Large coins should be ten hundred and even popular. The complicated chaos of the money system reflects the deterioration brought by the war of section.

The summary, the copper casting square hole round money has changed from the two systems of the baht to the year number.

(4) In addition to the two Songs to remove copper coins from the Song Dynasty, the banknotes and silver system were also generated by another turning period of currency development.

1. The two Song Dynasty "Money", "Royal Book Coin" and "Banknotes"

The copper coins of the two Song Dynasty were significantly characterized by the annual number. According to the test, the year was first created in Emperor Hanwu, and the "Money of the Year" began in the "Hanxing Money" of Li Shou, Chengdu, Sichuan. The last year's money was Yuan Shikai's restoration of the emperor's creation "the first year of Hong Xian, the ten copper dollars." This money collapsed with Yuan Shikai, and there were less than four months. "Money of the year" has the annual number, indicating the casting time, so that people can see it at a glance at a glance at a glance, which is a progress in the development of coins. The coins of Qianzhong Song, Ming, and Qing dynasties are the easiest to collect.

It, the Song Dynasty was seen in the calligraphy of all ages. According to legend, there are four types of book bodies, including the money, Li, Kai, and Cao of the Yuanfeng of the Song Dynasty. Among them, Qian Wen, who was written by Su Dongpo's handwriting, was calm and heroic, and was called "Dongpo Yuanfeng". During the period of Song Zhezong, Sima Guang and Su Dongpo wrote "Yuan Yutongbao" with two calligraphy and line calligraphy. Make the Song Dynasty popular book currency for text money. The emperor who is good at calligraphy can't bear the loneliness, and often shows his skills in Qian Wen. The "Royal Book Money" written by the emperor was verified that the first person was Song Taizong Zhao Yan, and the calligraphy achievements of the emperors in the past were Song Huizong Zhao Yan. He governed the country and Anbang was incompetent. However, there is a soft spot for Qinqi calligraphy and painting, especially the calligraphy "thin gold" iron painting silver hook, which is unique. The calligraphy coins in the Song Dynasty saw that it was not related to the emperor's physical strength, especially the annual royal calligraphy money. This money has changed to the Ming Dynasty. In the middle of the Ming Dynasty, Qian Wen was from the hands of craftsmen. The fonts were rigid. They did not talk about the layout structure. They couldn't talk about calligraphy art.

The coin and iron money during the Song Dynasty was parallel. Because the copper ware was valued at the copper currency, there was a phenomenon of destroying money casting, and iron money appeared rare copper coins. In addition, with the economic center of gravity, currency circulation has expanded, and the banknotes generated by the Song Dynasty were the earliest banknotes in the world. This banknote is a symbolic currency, which is the product of the development of social commodities to a certain stage, and is also related to the progress of papermaking and printing technology. There are maintenances of banknotes in the Northern Song Dynasty. Jiaozi and Conference were common names for bills, securities, and vouchers at that time. Whether the currency value is stable into a barometer for the economic and fiscal situation.

The minority regime in the northern ethnic minorities such as Liao, Song, and Xixia, was affected by the economic and cultural economic and cultural in the Central Plains in the interaction with the Han nationality. In addition to the use of copper coins in the Tang and Song dynasties, they have also issued national text and Chinese copper coins.

2, the Yuan Dynasty currency system is mainly banknotes

The Yuan Dynasty has cast a small amount of copper coins, but the currency is mainly circulating banknotes. This was prominent in ancient China. The banknotes of the Yuan Dynasty were called banknote. The original banknotes are not allowed to misappropriate, and there are strict restrictions on the circulation of paper banknotes. However, political corruption at the end of the Yuan Dynasty, luxury of the royal family, huge military expenditure, and financial expenditure were not enough to make up. Coupled with the flooding of the Yellow River, and natural disasters and human disasters, it is said that "the source of the river to change banknotes" can be seen that the abuse of banknotes has something to do with the demise of the Yuan Dynasty.

3, the Ming Dynasty was turned into silver by banknotes, supplemented by money.

The issuance of banknotes in the history of currency is a progress, but the ruler of the past generations is uncomfortable with it to exploit and plunder the people to collapse the banknotes. For example, Zhu Yuanzhang in the early Ming Dynasty promoted the banknotes policy, and issued "Damingbao Banknotes" and copper coins. However, Damingbao's banknotes were not issued and there was no reserve, which soon led to inflation. Therefore, after the Jiajing year of the Ming Dynasty, treasure banknotes could not be passed, and the people mainly used silver and copper coins. For example, the Ming Dynasty "Classmaker" used silver service, wages of employment, and the rich accumulation of household property. The silver ingots, which have been cast as a certain standard, started from the Yuan Dynasty. From the Yuan Dynasty to the first year, the silver ingot was called "ingot". At the same time, folk copper money is popular, and the materials are made from bronze to brass.

4, the copper coins of the Qing Dynasty, banknotes and mechanism coins

The copper money of the Qing Dynasty used the Ming Dynasty system, mainly casting Xiaoping money. The copper coins of the Qing Dynasty were the most complicated with Xianfeng money. Qian Wen was divided into Tongbao, Chongbao and ingot. The face value was different, and the money bureau was different. Large number of people in the Qing Dynasty uses silver, small money uses money, money, and banks.

It 100 years of silver ingots as the main currency in the early Qing Dynasty, and the tax collection must be collected by one or two taxes. Because the central government does not cast uniform and uniform silver, the silver used by the people may not be foot silver, and the silver ingots form, color, and flat code of various places are different. Some silver artists colluded with officials and took the opportunity to strike the people in silver, which caused many complicated social problems.

The silver ingots in the late Qing Dynasty began to transform to the silver dollar. From the middle of the Ming Dynasty, Chinese and foreign businessmen used their silver dollars to buy Chinese silk, tea, porcelain, etc. in foreign trade to make various foreign silver dollars become popular in China. During the Qing Daoguang period, from the signed inequality "Nanjing Treaty", the silver dollars used for compensation were "foreign money". At that time, there was no silver dollar in China. Insufficient foreign money offset the dramatic foreign compensation, so the government forced the government in the late Qing Dynasty to start casting silver dollars by itself. The earliest mechanism in China was the "Guangxu ingot" during the Guangxu period, commonly known as "Longyang". It was named after the back of the silver dollar. At the same time, the mechanism has bronze, also known as "copper plate". The emergence of mechanism silver coins and copper dollars is a huge impact on traditional Chinese silver currency and square holes.

The variety of banknotes issued by the Qing Dynasty, there are official banknotes and private banknotes. Official banknotes are issued by government financial institutions. Private banknotes are issued by private financial institutions. Can be exchanged for two types of copper coins), copper yuan tickets (can be exchanged for copper yuan), two silver votes (can be exchanged for silver), and silver dollars (can be exchanged for silver dollars). The issuance of banknotes began to have library and silver reserves and banknote certificates.

In summary, from the Song Dynasty to the Ming and Qing Dynasties, banknotes were generated and circulated, silver currency status became increasingly improved, and the banknotes system that began to establish a silver -based system in the late Qing Dynasty. The second stage of the development of Chinese currency history.

The or above is listed as a history of circulating coins. There are also many non -liquid currencies in the coin industry, such as overwhelming money for evil, praying to avoid evil town tombs and commemorating major historical events and outstanding historical outstanding historical events and outstanding historical outstanding historical events and outstanding historical outstanding historical events The commemorative coins of the characters are not listed one by one. These coins are commonly known as "spending money" and are insignificant in currency circulation, but they can provide precious historical materials for folklore research.

In short, coin learning is a science. Combining the knowledge of ancient coins in combination with historical teaching activities, it is helpful for understanding and interpretation of ancient Chinese historical changes. , Confinger correction.

April 2001

This design reference
. Teaching goals and preparations

1, teaching purpose:

The ancient coins are historical testimony and epitome of ancient commodity economic activities: The ancient coins are a treasure of the traditional culture of the Chinese nation. To understand the ancient coins and understand the common sense of ancient currency history, it helps students to verify and interpret the ancient Chinese economy, political and social style. And combined with the special visits and inspections to launch the expansion learning and research learning, it is a wealth of historical teaching connotation and enhance students' cultural literacy.

2, key points of teaching, difficulty processing:

This is based on the statutory ancient coins of slave society and feudal society in the history of currency. The introduction of sexual knowledge is combined with the understanding of specific ancient coins. Classroom teaching can be equipped with icons and slide projection, so that students have more emotional and rational understanding of the original strange ancient coin knowledge.

3, teaching location:

The coin museum in Shanghai Duolun Road Cultural Street, Shanghai History Museum Coin Museum.

4. Teaching reference Bibliography:

The ancient book publishing house "Figure Chinese Coins"

. Teaching process:

Introduction to the history of ancient coins in China:

. Preliminary Exploration of the Pre -Qin Currency Currency R
1, the circulation of ancient coins and natural shellfish
n2, Warring States Period 4 First exploring of the big currency economy system: Fud dollars in the Sanjin area of ​​the Central Plains, knife coins in the northern Yan Kingdom and the Qi Kingdom of the East, the Qin Kingdom in the northwest, and the "ant nose money" in Chu State in the south of Chu State.

. The feudal society calendar is the legal coin

1, Qin unified currency and Qin Hanmi two money squares, the popular

2, Emperor Hanwu, Emperor Hanwu "Five baht money" and the beginning of the revolution to the beginning of the Tang Dynasty.

3, Tang Gaozu's starting Tang Dynasty's Confucius Money from the two systems from the baht to the decimal year number, the Baowen system coins.

4, the appearance of the two Song copper and iron coins and banknotes

5, the circulating currency of the Yuan Dynasty based on banknotes, which caused economic turmoil due to the lack of silver.

6, Ming and Qing Dynasties are mainly silver, money -based currency systems and the establishment of ancient silver -based banknotes. In the late Qing Dynasty, the mechanism currency in the Qing Dynasty replaced the silver ingots and square holes in the two -unit unit of silver.

The currency system in the Han Dynasty was based on copper coins and gold. According to historical records, gold in the Western Han Dynasty prevailed in the upper society as circulation and payment methods. Therefore, the number of gold in circulation was huge. According to the "Hanshu" records, the emperor of the Western Han Dynasty was as many as 900,000 kg, which is now 225 tons. But after the Eastern Han Dynasty, the number of gold circulating in society suddenly decreased. In other words, a large amount of gold suddenly withdrew from circulation in a short period of time, and mysterious disappeared. This unsolved mystery has always been confused about the later people, which also led to all kinds of speculation about the direction of these gold. Some think that there is a deficit in foreign trade in the Han Dynasty, and many gold flows abroad as a payment method; some say that Wang Mang has swallowed a large amount of gold in the treasury after usurping his power. The explanation is that the Han Dynasty was prevalent, and a large amount of gold was gradually buried in the soil; others were due to the turbulence of the political situation in the late Western Han Dynasty, the wars were inconsistent, and the wealthy giants were unpredictable. , Treasure Treasure was lost. After careful analysis of these explanations, we can find that, except for the first explanation, the remaining three explanations all believed that gold was buried underground. Based on this, some people even further proposed that this mysterious disappearing gold is mainly buried in Luoyang and Nanyang in Henan, because Luoyang and Nanyang are both large cities at the time and wealthy wealthy giants. However, after all, it is just speculated that it has not been heard that there have been reports on the unearthed large amount of gold in the Han Dynasty so far. Therefore, whether these speculations are true to the test of time.

It China is one of the earliest countries in the world to use currencies, and the country that has used the most currency shapes in the world. In terms of the shape of the metal currency that has appeared in history, the ancient coins in my country can be roughly divided into four periods, that is, the period from the primitive society to the shell currency of the Shang and Zhou dynasties. During the Qing Dynasty's Fang Kong Yuanqian period and the mechanism of the Republic of China in the late Qing Dynasty.

Bar currency is the earliest currency form in the world, and it is also the earliest currency used in my country. Judging from the situation unearthed in my country, the shell coin (referring to the teeth in the sea, also known as the cargo shell) has appeared in the primitive society, and it has been commonly used in the Xia and Shang dynasties. cowry. In the middle of the Shang Dynasty, due to the development of the commodity economy, the exchange of commodities gradually expanded, and the original goods were difficult to meet the needs of society. Essence Tongbei is the earliest metal coin discovered in the world so far, and it has been more than 3,000 years ago. During the Spring and Autumn Period, the circulation of copper shells was getting larger and larger, and its system was more exquisite. In the Warring States Period, there was a helling of pure gold and silver with a high level of craftsmanship.

The history of Dao cloth coins began in the Spring and Autumn Period. The Spring and Autumn Period was a period of change from slavery to feudal systems in the history of our country. The further development of the commodity economy led to a large demand for circulating currencies, and metal casting technology became mature. sex. The biggest feature of currency during this period is that there are many types of currency casting, and the currency system is chaotic. At that time, the influence of the Zhou Dynasty was weaker at that time, and the nations were all politically politically, and the economy became its own system. Therefore, countries have cast currencies by themselves and circulate each other, forming a special situation of long -term coal of multi -currency and multi -currency types. The currency of this period was divided into four types: cloth coins, knife coins, money and ant nose money (ghost face money) from the shape and distribution. Bu coins are copper currencies, which are based on agricultural tools. They are also called shovel coins. From the perspective of the unearthed situation, the main circulation is in the western foot of Shanxing Shanxing in the Zhou Dynasty and Jin, Zheng, Song, and Zhao. The cloth coins can be divided into two types: empty head and peaceful first cloth according to the shape. The empty head cloth is completely made according to the shape of the agricultural tool shovel. The flat shoulder is flat, and the round hole is also installed in the handle. The flat -headed cloth is a further monetization transformation of the shape of the flat -headed cloth. The first one is flat and there are many types. There are three shapes: flat, sharp, and round. The knife coins were cut from the bronze of the tools of the Shang and Weekly period, so the handle of the knife coin has a ring, a trench on the handle, and the shape of the knife, the first knife, the first knife, and the arc back knife. Wait, the main circulation in Qi, Yan and other places in the east, and later developed to Zhao, Zhongshan and other countries to coexist with cloth coins.环 Money is made of copper coins in the middle of the round shape according to the shape of the king wall ring, which is mainly cast in Wei and Qin. In the later period of the Warring States Period, Qin, Qi, Yan and other countries made round money of round square holes, and for the first time, the metal weight was used as a unit of money. Ant -nose money is a copper coin evolved from the shape of the shell coin. Its back is flat and protruded on the front. There is a pussy text on it. In addition to copper coins, there are a small amount of silver and silver currency such as silver cloth and gold versions during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, but the circulation range is small. Another characteristic of currency during this period is that the currency is extremely chaotic. Although most of the various currencies are cast in text, due to the inconsistent text of various countries, because of the period of 500 years, the success or failure of the nation, the war, and the monetary policy are extremely unstable. Therefore, even in the same country in the same country In the same currency, the text of the currency text and the location, content, and words of writing are not uniform. These chaos causes the great troubles of future generations in the appraisal of the currency age.

Is Qin Shihuang's unification of China, and the extremely chaotic currency systems have been unified for the first time since the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. The currency of the Qin Dynasty took gold as the currency, and the copper casting square coins used by Qin Kingdom had long used. Half two "copper coins. Since the Qin Dynasty, China's currency has entered a new era that is both unified and standardized, symbolizing the place of Tianyuan, and the Fang Kongyuan money called "Brother Kong Fang" by Moke literati as the basic form of the currency is fixed by the historic rulers. Under the beginning of this century, the use time for more than 2,000 years has also profoundly affected the currency system of many countries in the surrounding countries. The most famous copper coins in the Han Dynasty are "five baht money". It is similar to the shape of "Qin Ban", but the front and outer backs of the money are added to protect the money. It is the word "five baht" in the text, so it is named. Judging from the unearthed situation, five baht money is not only copper five baht, but also silver five baht and gold five baht, only two unearthed after liberation of gold five baht. The "five money" of the Han Dynasty was very popular because of its exquisite casting and practical standards. Therefore, it was used until the beginning of the Tang Dynasty. After more than 700 years, it was the longest type of currency in our history. In addition to the five baht money in the Han Dynasty, Wang Mang had made four currency reforms at the time of the new policy, and cast dozens of currencies from "one -size -fits -all" to "Koizumi Zhiyi". Although Wang Mang's currency reform was a farce of the field and repeatedly failed, it left a number of ancient coins with exquisite and elegant texts for the world, which is favored by coin collectors. From the Three Kingdoms to the Sui Dynasty, although it has also cast a larger coin, they are based on five baht money as the basic currency.

This in the Tang Dynasty abolished five baht money and used "Kaiyuan Tongbao" money. This is an epoch -making event in the history of Chinese currency. start. The uniqueness of Tongbao Qian is not in the shape and Qian Wen. The "Kaiyuan" in "Kaiyuan Tongbao" shows the beginning of the new era. Since then, Fang Kong Yuanqian's Qian Wen has been changed to a two -character or "Tongbao" (later "ingot" or "Chongbao", etc.). This money model has become the standard for the casting of coins in the past dynasties. It has been used for 1300 years from the Tang Dynasty to the Republic of China. In addition to the strict specifications and size in Kaiyuan Tong Money, there are also unified standards in weight, color, and fonts. The weight stipulates that each copper coin weight is one -tenth or two. Beginning the implementation, the original measurement unit "baht" was abolished; the copper content was stipulated in the form of 83.32 %, thereby ensuring the own value of the coin; the font discarded the small seal and switched to Lishu and regular script. These are guaranteed for the long -term circulation of Tongbao money.

. In the nearly thousand years of Song to Qing, although other currency forms such as banknotes and silver ingots have also appeared, in general, Tongbao Money is the basic currency. This period is also the period when the types and quantities of cross -bank coins in our history are the largest. The Song Dynasty implemented a parallel system of copper and iron coins. In the more than 50 years in the Song Dynasty, almost every year number was cast with money. There are dozens of money in addition to ingots and Tongbao. Private casting, etc., are estimated to have thousands of types. In terms of the number of coins, only 5.02 million copper coins were cast during the Yuanfeng period, and the iron money was 1.13 million yuan. The currency of the Liao, Xixia, and Golden period

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