wholesale manufacturer of jewelry findings What is the earliest coin in China?

jewelry wholesale boxes China is one of the earliest countries in the world to use currencies, and the history of currency has a history of 5,000 years. In the process of formation and development of ancient Chinese currency, five major evolutions have been experienced:

1. The evolution of natural currencies to artificial currencies. Bei is the earliest currency in my country. In Chinese characters, most of the words related to value are from "shell". With the development of commodity exchange, the demand for currency has become increasingly larger, and Haibei can no longer meet people's needs. The emergence of copper coins is a major evolution from natural currency to artificial currency in the history of ancient currencies in my country. With the large number of artificial coins, the natural currency of Haibei slowly withdrew from the Chinese currency stage.

2, evolving from a messy shape to a unified shape. From the emergence of copper coins in the Shang Dynasty to the Warring States Period, there are many currencies in my country. During the Warring States Period not only cast currency, but also cast currency in various regions of a vassal. With Zhao Guo's shovel coins, Qi Guo's knife coins, Qin's circular square coils, and the ant nose money of Chu State. After Qin unified China, Qin Shihuang promulgated China's earliest monetary law "with the currency of the world with the world" in China in 200 BC, stipulating that the Qin Kingdom's circular square hole was used nationwide. The unity of the currency ended the chaotic state of the ancient currency shapes and the disparity of ancient currency in China. It was a major evolution from the history of the ancient currency from the disturbing shape of the ancient currency in my country to the standard shape. The shape of this round square hole determined by Qin Ban's two dollars has been continuing to the early days of the Republic of China.

3, the evolution of local coins to central coins. At the beginning of the Han Dynasty, he was free to cast money in the county. According to "Han Shu · Food and Food", he "except the stolen money order to make the people put the people", so he "stole the cast as clouds." This not only causes the chaos of the currency, but also makes the wealthy businessman manipulate the coinage right. In 113 BC, Emperor Hanwu recovered the right of the county's coinage, and the central government unified five baht, and five baht money became the only legitimate currency at that time. From then on, the central government's unified management of coins casting and issuing coins was determined. This is a major evolution of the ancient Chinese currency history from local coins to central coins. Since then, the coins of all ages have been directly controlled by the central government. The collection of coinning rights to the central government has played an important role in stabilizing political and economic development in various dynasties.

4, the evolution of the weight of the document to Tongbao and ingot. The coins cast since the Qin and Han dynasties usually clearly indicate the weight of the money in Qian Wen, such as "half two", "five baht", and so on (twenty -four baht are one or two). In the four years of Tang Gaozu Wuder (621), Li Yuan was determined to reform the currency system. The ancient money with different abolition of the different ages took the meaning of "opening up the new era" and uniformly cast the "Kaiyuan Tongbao" money. The "Kai Yuan Tongbao" was an old system of Qin and Han dynasties. "Kaiyuan Tongbao" money is the earliest Tongbao money in my country. Since then, the copper coins in my country have no longer weighing money, and they are all known as Tongbao and ingot. It has been used to the "Republic of China Tongbao" after the 1911 Revolution.

5, the evolution of the metal currency to the banknotes "intertwined". During the Northern Song Dynasty, with the development of exchange, currency circulation increased. During the Taizong of the Northern Song Dynasty, the annual annual coin was 800,000, and it gradually increased. Due to the shortage of copper materials for casting money, the government cast iron money in large quantities in some areas to make up for the lack of copper coins. According to the "History of Song", the cast iron money of Sichuan always weighed twenty -five pounds. Buy a Luo (silk fabric) in Sichuan and pay 130 pounds of iron money. The iron money was so inconvenient, and the banknotes created by the Northern Song Dynasty came into being in Sichuan. When Song Zhenzong, under the government's permission, it was jointly operated by the sixteen rich households in Chengdu. The emergence of "Jiaizi" is an important evolution from metal currency to banknotes in the history of ancient currencies in my country. "Jiaozi" is not only the earliest banknotes in my country, but also the earliest banknotes in the world.

It Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods, with the development of commodity economy, the metal weighing currency that is divided and identified in circulation is gradually unsuitable and replaced by metal coin.

It's entering the metal coinage phase from the Spring and Autumn Period to the Warring States Period has been established.

1, the Central Plains is Zhao, Han, Wei, and the Zhou royal family. Betting from the bronze shovel agricultural tools "" and "Bu" are leveraged. During the Spring and Autumn Period, the cloth coins were mainly empty in the empty head. During the Warring States Period, the cloth coins were mainly flat -headed, that is, compared to the "empty head cloth", there was no hollow cricket, but it looked like a shovel -shaped copper sheet. Founded feet, pointed feet, round feet and other categories, the most generally evolved from flat shoulder flat or flat shoulder feet to shrugging the tip and foot cloth, round shoulders and round feet.

2, Qi State of the East, and Yan State in the north mainly use knife coins. The knife currency is divided into two types: "Yan Ming Dao" and "Qi Daohua". The shape of the knife coin is used like a knife tool for fishing and hunting in northern nomads such as Shanrong and Beidi. Because Qi Dao Noodle has "transformation", it is called "sword". The back of the knife -shaped knife is divided into arc, back, back, straight back, and the knife is flat, and the head is also a bronze coin in my country.

3, the Qin Kingdom in the northwest is independent of the ring currency. The ring currency is divided into two types: rounded circular holes and square holes. During the Warring States Period, the circular and round holes were cast earlier. Later, King Qin Huiwen, and Qin Shihuang cast a circular square hole "half two" money. Round ring money is the original state of Fang Kong money.

4, the southern Chu country coin copper shells called ant nose money, evolved from shell coins. Tongbei Qianwen "" looks like a ghost face, is a combination of the word "Beihua". The ant nose is small, meaning a small money. Chu State's Copper Bronze Rinnaba is commonly known as "ghost face money" and "ant nose money". In addition to the ant nose money, the country also has gold weighing currency, which is the only country in the Warring States Period with gold as the currency.

In short, the four major monetary systems that appeared during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period were evolved from labor production tools such as knives, shovels, and spinning wheels. The characteristics and social style of economic and living areas such as exchanges. At the same time, the four major currency areas are also the products of the waiting. Developed with economic and commodity transactions. Currency circulation in various countries requires a unified and standardized trend of the currency system.

. The category of the Culture of the dynasty

The money refers to a type of coins issued by the state or local regime. Different versions of Ocho are assigned "money". The outline is open, forming the unification of coins. You can understand the history of the currency by using the cursor as a clue; the clues can be involved in the appreciation and archeology of the ancient coins. The following is mainly interpreted by the ancient political and historical changes from the revolution of the Cordon of the Cordon.

Thekian system can be divided into two major stages from Qin and Han dynasties. The first stage: Qin, Han and Sui and Tang dynasties are mainly copper coins. They are based on the "half -two money" and "five baht money" of Qin and Han. In the second stage, the year of the coin was removed from the Tang and Song dynasties. The treasure system was different from the two systems of the previous baht.

(1) Qin and Han "Half two money"

Qin Qin unified the six kingdoms, and the political unity required the economic unification to make the basis. At the same time, the currency is also unified. It is stipulated that "gold" is the upper currency, the 镒 (20 two) as the unit, the copper coins of round square holes, and the unit of half. Qian Wen's "half two" is consistent with the real weight. This kind of square Kong Yuanqian has since become the main form of Chinese currency for more than 2,000 years. Why take this shape? It is mainly a ring -shaped for easy carrying, while the square holes are not easy to rotate by rope copper coins, which can prevent wear. Some people think that this shape expresses the universe view of the ancients. The Qin Dynasty Fang Kong Yuanqian was the earliest legal currency in the world.

The "half two money" of the Warring States Period and the Qin Dynasty can start with calligraphy. The Warring States Currency Money Essays "Half Two" is the big seal: and the Qin Dynasty currency text "half two" is Xiaoyan. According to legend, Qincoin was written by Prime Minister Li Si. Affected by this, the Qian Wen after the Qin Dynasty mostly came from the hands of the officials or calligraphy artists. The emperor's royal book money also appeared in the Song Dynasty. One of the differences between Chinese ancient coins and Western currencies is that the ancient money layout of China is mainly based on money, and there are few patterns in circulating currencies, while Western currencies are mainly based on animals and plants, elephant and other patterns. The art of calligraphy on ancient money is another topic.

The is said to be Qin Shihuang to prevent the people of fighting against the world's weapons. This will definitely affect the casting of copper coins. Because the price of copper is extremely high and the amount of currency circulation is insufficient, the value of Qin half of the two dollars is high. The problem of "Qin Qian heavy (high) difficult to use" occurred in the early Han Dynasty. The Han Chengqin system was used for half two dollars, but Liu Bang was very poor when he became the emperor. He changed many small money. Due to the significant weight loss of Qin, the "half two" name does not match. Especially a small and a half, shaped like elm tree fruit, known as "elm pod two" less than 1 grams, less than 1 cm in diameter. Casting and county coins cause currency disorders and inflation, until Emperor Hanwu changed the currency system.

(2) Han "five baht money" and the revolution

1, Emperor Hanwu, Emperor Hanwu, Emperor Hanwu The first "five baht money".

Is after Emperor Hanwu's ascendant, "Foreign Foreign Affairs, Inner Xingli" urgently need to open up wealth. At the same time . So Emperor Hanwu ordered the abolition of the national currency control of the county in the early Han Dynasty in the early 118 BC, and the central government was uniformly cast. The system of managing), the central minting agency is responsible for casting five baht, also known as Shanglin money and three official money. The quality of five baht money is high, which has changed the phenomenon of currency chaos, which is conducive to the centralization and economic development. In the Western Han Dynasty, Xin Mang, Eastern Han Dynasty, Wei, Jin, Northern and Southern Dynasties to the Sui and Tang dynasties for more than 700 years. Five baht has long been the legal currency in the dynasty. Because the five iron money is appropriate, China has the "five baht" as the main form of Fangkong round money. Affects Japan, Annan, North Korea and other countries. And Thailand's current currency units are still called "baht". R N In the late Western Han Dynasty, Wang Mang built the new dynasty, restructured Gugu, and abandoned currencies. . Wang Mang believes that wei scholarship is that after he seizes the world of Liu, in order to taboo the word "Liu", Liu Zi is composed of three characters three characters of the "gold", so Qian Wen does not use the word "gold" to use "spring". One piece. The weight of "Daquan Fifty" is only two and a half of the weight of the Western Han Dynasty, but it is used as fifty -five baht. It means that every time a large money is issued, it is necessary to take forty -seven seventh and a half baht from the people. Money wealth, this will inevitably cause people's dissatisfaction, so the people still use five baht money transactions. To this end, Wang Mang stipulates that all those who dare to hide five baht will be used as prisoners. The human heart is undoubted. In addition, there is a big money name "Dao Ping Five Thousands", that is, a big money is 5,000 baht. Such a large amount of coins must be faked to fake them. In addition to the governance, another new coin shape is created, that is, the combination of ancient knife coins and round money to create the world's first two -color metal coins. To prevent fake private casting, "Daquan Fifty" and "Knife Ping Five Five" The official coins of the thousands of "workmanship", this distorted style also sighs for thousands of years.

Bah money, more small money, caused inflation, and the currency system was chaotic again.

3, "Six Dynasties and Five Bah" inferior money

During the crack, the war was frequent, the political situation was turbulent, and the socio -economic damage was destroyed. In order to save copper, five baht money is getting smaller and smaller, it is known as "goose eye" and "chicken eyes". It is also cut cutting circles. When you use it. The coin industry collectively referred to the five baht in this period as the "six dynasties and five baht". The Six Dynasties were Wu, Eastern Jin, Southern Song, Qi, Liang, and Chen six dynasties of the Six Dynasties. During this period, the five baht was divided into poor casting, and the money of money was incomplete. There are those who write the "five baht" as "hardware", and some are also written as an anti -text "baht five". However, there are some exceptions during the period of five baht, such as the "Taihe Five Bah" of the Northern Wei Dynasty and "Yong'an Five Bah". The history is called "heavy text", and the quality is superior.

4, the "five baht money" and rumors of the Sui Dynasty.

The Emperor Sui Wen in the Sui Dynasty cast the "Five Emperors of the Emperor" ended the complicated situation of more than 300 years since the end of the Han Dynasty. This is also the last dynasty that uses five baht. Emperor Sui Yang's tyranny, some people argued that the "five" of the "five" of the Sui "five baht", which is the "X" on the left of the "X" on the left, and "| X". So some people said that it was Sui's fierce sign, indicating that it was not far away. Therefore, the "five baht money" of the Sui Dynasty was better recognized. In fact, the Northern Wei Dynasty has been written in the Northern Wei Dynasty.

(3) The turning round money from the Tang Dynasty has changed from the two systems of the baht to the annual number of the "text".

1. Tang Gaozu first pioneered "Baowen" and "Money"

The Tang Dynasty was a strong dynasty with developed economic and cultural development. According to the Tang Gao Zuwu Demon, the "Kaiyuan Tongbao" money was cast in 621 years, and the coin system named two named baht since Qin and Han dynasties has created the annual number of the "text" after the Tang and Song dynasties. coin. "Kaiyuan" is founded, the first point, "Tongbao" is the treasure that circulates. It has a major breakthrough in the heavy unit. The ancient Hengfa law was twenty -four baht. "Kaiyuan Tongbao" created a decoction system. Each weighing two baht is four for one text. Kaiyuan Tongbao has been cast in the Tang Dynasty for more than 200 years and has stabilized the currency system for a long time. Tang's Baowen Money System, which was counting "Wen" and the two -weight unit of money, followed the Qing Dynasty for thousands of years. It is also said that the "Kaiyuan Tongbao" of Tang Gaozu casts from the Early Tang Dynasty calligraphy, the enlightenment of Ouyang Jian, and was known as the calligraphy.

An Anshi's chaos, Tang Suzong called "Qianyuan Chongbao" in order to deal with financial difficulties and cast a lot of money. This is the earliest money called "Chongbao". One article Chongbao opened the yuan of yuan in money, which caused a depreciation of the currency, the prices soared, the stolen casting was serious, and the people's hearts were uneasy. In the evening of the Tang Dynasty, the Buddha was abolished, and a large number of "Huichang Kaiyuan" money was used to take the Buddha copper, so that the tightening phenomenon of currency tightening for half a century was eased. "Qianyuan", "Huichang" is the chronological year.

The five -generation ten kingdoms is a period of division of warlord cutting combat. Due to the establishment of the regime, there are many currencies, which is a period of currency chaos. In addition to copper, there are tin and iron. Large coins should be ten hundred and even popular. The complicated chaos of the money system reflects the deterioration brought by the war of section.

The summary, the copper casting square hole round money has changed from the two systems of the baht to the year number.

(4) In addition to the two Songs to remove copper coins from the Song Dynasty, the banknotes and silver system were also generated by another turning period of currency development.

1. The two Song Dynasty "Money", "Royal Book Coin" and "Banknotes"

The copper coins of the two Song Dynasty were significantly characterized by the annual number. According to the test, the year was first created in Emperor Hanwu, and the "Money of the Year" began in the "Hanxing Money" of Li Shou, Chengdu, Sichuan. The last year's money was Yuan Shikai's restoration of the emperor's creation "the first year of Hong Xian, the ten copper dollars." This money collapsed with Yuan Shikai, and there were less than four months. "Money of the year" has the annual number, indicating the casting time, so that people can see it at a glance at a glance at a glance, which is a progress in the development of coins. The coins of Qianzhong Song, Ming, and Qing dynasties are the easiest to collect.

It, the Song Dynasty was seen in the calligraphy of all ages. According to legend, there are four types of book bodies, including the money, Li, Kai, and Cao of the Yuanfeng of the Song Dynasty. Among them, Qian Wen, who was written by Su Dongpo's handwriting, was calm and heroic, and was called "Dongpo Yuanfeng". During the period of Song Zhezong, Sima Guang and Su Dongpo wrote "Yuan Yutongbao" with two calligraphy and line calligraphy. Make the Song Dynasty popular book currency for text money. The emperor who is good at calligraphy can't bear the loneliness, and often shows his skills in Qian Wen. The "Royal Book Money" written by the emperor was verified that the first person was Song Taizong Zhao Yan, and the calligraphy achievements of the emperors in the past were Song Huizong Zhao Yan. He governed the country and Anbang was incompetent. However, there is a soft spot for Qinqi calligraphy and painting, especially the calligraphy "thin gold" iron painting silver hook, which is unique. The calligraphy coins in the Song Dynasty saw that it was not related to the emperor's physical strength, especially the annual royal calligraphy money. This money has changed to the Ming Dynasty. In the middle of the Ming Dynasty, Qian Wen was from the hands of craftsmen. The fonts were rigid. They did not talk about the layout structure. They couldn't talk about calligraphy art.

The coin and iron money during the Song Dynasty was parallel. Because the copper ware was valued at the copper currency, there was a phenomenon of destroying money casting, and iron money appeared rare copper coins. In addition, with the economic center of gravity, currency circulation has expanded, and the banknotes generated by the Song Dynasty were the earliest banknotes in the world. This banknote is a symbolic currency, which is the product of the development of social commodities to a certain stage, and is also related to the progress of papermaking and printing technology. There are maintenances of banknotes in the Northern Song Dynasty. Jiaozi and Conference were common names for bills, securities, and vouchers at that time. Whether the currency value is stable into a barometer for the economic and fiscal situation.

The minority regime in the northern ethnic minorities such as Liao, Song, and Xixia, was affected by the economic and cultural economic and cultural in the Central Plains in the interaction with the Han nationality. In addition to the use of copper coins in the Tang and Song dynasties, they have also issued national text and Chinese copper coins.

2, the Yuan Dynasty currency system is mainly banknotes

The Yuan Dynasty has cast a small amount of copper coins, but the currency is mainly circulating banknotes. This was prominent in ancient China. The banknotes of the Yuan Dynasty were called banknote. The original banknotes are not allowed to misappropriate, and there are strict restrictions on the circulation of paper banknotes. However, political corruption at the end of the Yuan Dynasty, luxury of the royal family, huge military expenditure, and financial expenditure were not enough to make up. Coupled with the flooding of the Yellow River, and natural disasters and human disasters, it is said that "the source of the river to change banknotes" can be seen that the abuse of banknotes has something to do with the demise of the Yuan Dynasty.

3, the Ming Dynasty was turned into silver by banknotes, supplemented by money.

The issuance of banknotes in the history of currency is a progress, but the ruler of the past generations is uncomfortable with it to exploit and plunder the people to collapse the banknotes. For example, Zhu Yuanzhang in the early Ming Dynasty promoted the banknotes policy, and issued "Damingbao Banknotes" and copper coins. However, Damingbao's banknotes were not issued and there was no reserve, which soon led to inflation. Therefore, after the Jiajing year of the Ming Dynasty, treasure banknotes could not be passed, and the people mainly used silver and copper coins. For example, the Ming Dynasty "Classmaker" used silver service, wages of employment, and the rich accumulation of household property. The silver ingots, which have been cast as a certain standard, started from the Yuan Dynasty. From the Yuan Dynasty to the first year, the silver ingot was called "ingot". At the same time, folk copper money is popular, and the materials are made from bronze to brass.

4, the copper coins of the Qing Dynasty, banknotes and mechanism coins

The copper money of the Qing Dynasty used the Ming Dynasty system, mainly casting Xiaoping money. The copper coins of the Qing Dynasty were the most complicated with Xianfeng money. Qian Wen was divided into Tongbao, Chongbao and ingot. The face value was different, and the money bureau was different. Large number of people in the Qing Dynasty uses silver, small money uses money, money, and banks.

It 100 years of silver ingots as the main currency in the early Qing Dynasty, and the tax collection must be collected by one or two taxes. Because the central government does not cast uniform and uniform silver, the silver used by the people may not be foot silver, and the silver ingots form, color, and flat code of various places are different. Some silver artists colluded with officials and took the opportunity to strike the people in silver, which caused many complicated social problems.

The silver ingots in the late Qing Dynasty began to transform to the silver dollar. From the middle of the Ming Dynasty, Chinese and foreign businessmen used their silver dollars to buy Chinese silk, tea, porcelain, etc. in foreign trade to make various foreign silver dollars become popular in China. During the Qing Daoguang period, from the signed inequality "Nanjing Treaty", the silver dollars used for compensation were "foreign money". At that time, there was no silver dollar in China. Insufficient foreign money offset the dramatic foreign compensation, so the government forced the government in the late Qing Dynasty to start casting silver dollars by itself. The earliest mechanism in China was the "Guangxu ingot" during the Guangxu period, commonly known as "Longyang". It was named after the back of the silver dollar. At the same time, the mechanism has bronze, also known as "copper plate". The emergence of mechanism silver coins and copper dollars is a huge impact on traditional Chinese silver currency and square holes.

The variety of banknotes issued by the Qing Dynasty, there are official banknotes and private banknotes. Official banknotes are issued by government financial institutions. Private banknotes are issued by private financial institutions. Can be exchanged for two types of copper coins), copper yuan tickets (can be exchanged for copper yuan), two silver votes (can be exchanged for silver), and silver dollars (can be exchanged for silver dollars). The issuance of banknotes began to have library and silver reserves and banknote certificates.

wholesale jewelry nyc The earliest was material changing substances. Later, people gradually formed consensus: a certain substance as a medium of exchange, but the substance as an exchange medium was not unchanged. In different regions, different times will be different. For example, sheep, silk, shells, etc. have all been exchanged, but shells are widely used. Later, metal (gold and silver, copper)